12/31/2023 0 Comments Opto isolator inpug ic![]() The signals to be passed are sent to an internal IR LED that switches off and on with the logic signal input to activate a phototransistor that turns off and on at the output. Optocoupler ICs have long been a popular isolation device (Fig. Common electrical isolation methods include inductive (a), optocoupler (b), and capacitive (c). Though they do a good job of blocking dc, their frequency response can limit data rate unless special high-speed transformers (e.g., Ethernet) are used.ġ. They’re typically larger, heavier, and more expensive than other options. The isolation is excellent, but transformers have some downsides. Signals are passed by magnetic induction from primary winding to secondary winding. 1a is the most obvious-it uses two electrically isolated windings on a common magnetic core. Capacitive-isolation ICs meet all of these requirements while supporting high-speed data rates and lower power consumption over other methods.įigure 1 shows the three common isolation methods. Such protection gives isolated equipment good electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) as required to meet selected certification standards. In addition, isolators protect sensitive equipment from electrostatic discharge (ESD), electrical fast transients (EFTs), and other variations from electrical surges that are common in an industrial setting. Keeping high voltages as great as 10 kV from industrial equipment away from computers, sensitive equipment, and human operators is another function of isolators. Using a single common ground almost always introduces ground loops and the attendant unwanted offset voltages. For instance, a typical isolator prevents dc or ac supply voltages from being passed on, yet at the same time permits data signals to pass.Ī major function of isolators is to separate the common grounds of input-signal devices and the equipment receiving the signals. Known as galvanic isolation, this process prevents direct electrical contact between input and output, but allows for the transfer of signals. Isolation is the process of blocking some signals and electrical connections while allowing others to occur.
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